Do Socioeconomic Factors Impact Green Cities Development? An SEM Analysis

This study examines the impact of socioeconomic factors on the development of green cities. Green cities are urban areas that prioritize environmental performance and seek to minimize their ecological footprint. However, little research has explored how socioeconomic dynamics influence progress towards more sustainable and green cities. Using data collected through a survey of experts in Ghana, this study employs structural equation modelling to analyze relationships between socioeconomic factors and indicators of green city development. The results indicate that socioeconomic factors have a significant positive impact on green cities. 15 key socioeconomic determinants were identified based on literature review. Survey findings confirmed that these factors influence green city development to varying degrees. For example, awareness, environmental regulations, had large effects, while population pressures and income levels had weaker impacts. This research contributes new empirical evidence showing socioeconomics underpin progress towards sustainability objectives localized within cities. The findings have important implications. Urban authorities seeking to “green” local development must address socioeconomic dimensions, not just environmental factors. Targeted interventions addressing each socioeconomic driver can optimize promotion and implementation of green city projects. Acknowledging socioeconomic dynamics is critical for designing comprehensive solutions aligned with urban contexts. This study provides baseline data to inform integrated policy frameworks and interventions.