The construction industry faces adverse effects of low productivity and occupational injuries, particularly related to the low level of automation and robotics as compared to other industries. As such, identifying the challenges of implementing construction automation and robotics (CAR) would enhance productivity, safety, and operation in the construction industry. However, a review on identifying the challenges of implementing CAR is lacking. Therefore, this study aims to adopt a systematic literature and science mapping approach to analyze research publications and identify the challenges of implementing CAR. A bibliometric literature analysis was conducted to retrieve articles from Scopus database. A further qualitative systematic analysis was conducted to identify the challenges of implementing CAR. Fourteen challenges were identified and categorized into 4 main criteria, namely: technological challenges, economic challenges, industry-intrinsic challenges, and workforce challenges. This study would help other researchers and stakeholders understand the main challenges limiting the adoption of CAR in the construction industry. In addition, the reported findings would support the research needs in this field to improve automation in the construction industry.
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